In 1895, Wilhelm Konard Roentgen discovered X-rays while working with a discharge tube. X means unknown. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength and high energy which are emitted when fast moving electrons or cathode rays strike a target of high atomic mass. Production of X-rays Coolidge X-ray tube : Coolidge X-ray tube used … Read more
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The setup used for exchanging information between a sender and receiver is called communication system. Information is specified as a measurable quantity in the technical description and the analytical treatment of the communication system. A message can be a sequence of distinct symbols or letters single time varying quantity i.e. speech,music,etc. many function … Read more
Scalars Quantities: Scalars are the physical quantities that have magnitude only.Temperature, speed, mass, and volume are examples of scalars. Vectors Quantities: Vectors are the physical quantities that have magnitude and direction.Position, displacement, velocity, acceleration and force are examples of vector quantities. Representation of a vector: A vector can be represented by a straight line with … Read more
Growth and decay of current in LR circuit Growth of current 1 and 2 are connected Current through circuit at any time t At t =0, I = 0 At t = ∞ , I = Io = (Vo/R) At any time t, where, τ = (L/R) = Inductive time constant Io = maximum value … Read more
Alternating current:An electric current whose magnitude varies continuously with time and changes its direction periodically, is called an alternating current. Alternating voltage:The voltage whose magnitude varies continuously with time and changes its direction periodically, is called an alternating voltage. Impedance: It is the measure of the opposition that a circuit offers to a current when … Read more
Point Object: An object can be considered as a point mass object, if the distance travelled by it in a motion is very large in comparison to its dimensions. Rest If an object does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called at rest. Motion If an object … Read more
Electromagnetic Induction Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon of production of electric field with the help of varying magnetic field. Magnetic Flux and Magnetic Flux Density Magnetic flux (φ) through any surface is defined as the number of magnetic lines of force crossing through that surface. the magnetic flux (φ) through the surface is defined as … Read more
Nuclear Reactions The process by which the identity of a nucleus is changed when it is bombarded by an energetic particle is called nuclear reaction. Let a nucleus X (called parent nucleus) be bombarded by an energetic particle c. The resultant nucleus after the interaction between X and a is Y (called daughter nucleus) and … Read more
Quantum physics or Quantum Mechanics or Quantum Theory It is the study of the microscopic world. When we talk at microscopic level, many quantities are found only in certain minimum (elementary) amounts, or integer multiples of those elementary amounts; these quantities are then said to be quantized. The elementary amount that is associated with such … Read more
Advanced Writing Skills Notices A notice is a written or a printed information or news announcement. Notices are either displayed at prominent places or published in newspapers/magazines. It is meant only for a select group. Since a notice contains a formal announcement or information, its tone and style are formal and factual. Its language should … Read more
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